ABSTRACT
More than 4 fibroadenomas in a single breast are uncommon. Repeated recurrences of supernumerary fibroadenomas, in multiple numbers, after excision, are extremely rare. The malignant potential of breast fibroadenoma increases significantly in women with complex fibroadenomas, proliferative disease or a family history of breast cancer. Such a condition poses a management dilemma to the surgeon. Prophylactic bilateral mastectomy is controversial, and requires a rigorous assessment of risk benefit ratio and a better assessment of psychosocial impact and ethical issues. More often than not, the patient prefers repeat excision and close surveillance as the most agreeable course of action; the relatively higher risk of malignancy notwithstanding. Repeated excision as new fibroadenomas appear seems to be a feasible option.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia causes opportunistic infections and is emerging as an important hospital-acquired pathogen. Present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence, clinical profile, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. maltophilia. Methods: Cross sectional retrospective study was conducted whereby patients’ details including type of infection, hospital stay, indwelling devices, co-morbid conditions and outcome till discharge were collected from January 2012 to March 2016. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility were done by using Vitek2-compact-microbiological system. Results: 45 (0.17%) S.maltophilia strains were isolated from 27,132 samples received, forming 1.63% of total non-fermenters. Prevalence of S.maltophilia infection ranged from 0.06% in 2012 to 0.26% in 2015. Common sites involved were respiratory tract i.e. 55.5%, followed by bloodstream (20%), urinary tract (13.3%) and soft tissue (11.1%). 64.4% patients were male, and adults (26.7%) between 51-60 years of age. 66.7% of the isolates were from critical care units followed by wards (33.3%). Co-morbid conditions observed were COPD with respiratory complications i.e. 26.7% followed by cardiovascular diseases 22.2%, malignancy 11.1%, post surgical patients 11.1%, complicated UTI and trauma 8.8% each, CNS complications 6.7%, burns and cellulitis 2.2% each. All patients had exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics and 66.6% had indwelling devices. 17.8% isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Mortality observed was 20%. Interpretation & conclusion: S maltophilia is an emerging pathogen and its prevalence has gradually increased at our hospital. ICUs are the main hospital sites and respiratory infections main clinical condition. [Disha S NJIRM 2016; 7(5):5-8]